Figure 7.

Subpicomolar SP potentiates LPS-induced activation of MAPK and NF-κB in microglia in a NOX2-dependent manner. A, Microglia-enriched cultures were treated with SP and/or LPS for 15 min. Levels of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated MAPK (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK1/2) and NF-κB (IKKα/β, IκBα, and p65) were determined by Western blot using specific antibodies against phosphorylated or total MAPK and nuclear factor-κB, respectively. B, C, MAPK and NF-κB activation on the gel from each group were quantified by analysis of the blot density (n = 5). D, Microglia-enriched cultures were pretreated with 10⁻¹⁴ m DPI for 30 min before the addition of SP and/or LPS. Fifteen minutes later, the activation of MAPK and NF-κB was assessed using Western blot. E, F, The density of the blot was quantified (n = 5). The results are expressed as a percentage of the controls (mean ± SEM) and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.