Acute changes to Ink4a/Arf affect transdifferentiation efficiency. A, Trandifferentiation efficiencies of Ink4a/Arf WT astroglia infected with lentivirus expressing RFP and an shRNA targeting Ink4a/Arf or control. Luc, Luciferase. B, Transdifferentiation efficiencies of Ink4a/Arf WT or null glia infected with virus overexpressing RFP both p16Ink4a and p19Arf or control (alkaline phosphatase). C, qRT-PCR expression analysis of Dlx1, Dlx5, and Dlx6 expression after LV-Dlx2-GFP infection after differentiation. D, qRT-PCR expression analysis of Dlx1, Dlx5, and Dlx6 expression after LV-Dlx2-GFP infection before differentiation. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. Error bars indicate SD of triplicate reactions. E, Summary of microarray expression data for genes calculated to be greater than twofold different between Ink4a/Arf WT or null glial cultures.