Defoort 1983.

Methods	Randomised, double blind, 4 parallel groups. Single oral dose Medication administered when baseline pain reached a moderate to severe intensity Pain assessed at 0, 30, 60 min, then hourly up to 6 hours
Participants	Episiotomy N = 54 All F Age not reported
Interventions	Codeine 60 mg, n = 15 Ciramadol 30 mg, n = 13 Ciramadol 60 mg, n = 12 Placebo, n = 14
Outcomes	PI: standard 10 cm VAS PR: standard 10 cm VAS Use of rescue medication Adverse events Withdrawals
Notes	Oxford Qualtiy Score: R1, DB1, W1. Total = 3 Rescue medication allowed after 2 hours
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding? All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described