Moore 1997.
Methods | Individual patient data meta‐analysis of trials of tramadol versus placebo, codeine and combination analgesics. All included trials were randomised, double blind, parallel group studies using a single oral doses. Medication administered when baseline pain reached a moderate to severe intensity Pain assessed at 0, 30, 60 mins, then hourly to 6 hours |
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Participants | A. Dental surgery, such as removal of impacted third molars (9 trials) N = 747 B. Various surgical procedures, such as abdominal, orthopaedic or gynaecological operations (9 trials) N = 558 M/F not reported Age not reported |
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Interventions | A. Codeine 60 mg, n = 374 Placebo, n = 373 B. Codeine 60 mg, n = 275 Placebo, n = 283 |
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Outcomes | Number of participants with ≥50% pain relief over 6 h | |
Notes | Oxford Quality Score: R2, DB2, W1. Total = 5 | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Adequate sequence generation? | Low risk | "computerised random number generation" |
Allocation concealment? | Unclear risk | Not described |
Blinding? All outcomes | Low risk | identical or double dummy (from individual reports) |