Table 4. Characteristics of participants in terms of cigarettesmoking, pipe and water pipe (hookah) in two groups .

Question	Choices	Hemodialysis patients N (%)	Outpatients N (%)	Statistical indicators
Smoking cigarette in past 10 year?	Yes	31 (54.4)	26 (45.6)	χ2 = 0.49 p = 0.48 df = 1
	No	124 (49.2)	128 (50.8)
Smoking pipe and water pipe in past 10 year?	Yes	9 (60.0)	6 (40.0)	χ2 = 0.57 p = 0.45 df = 1
	No	145 (50.0)	145 (50.0)