Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) injection around the injury site of the spinal cord induces a mass of fibronectin-positive cells that aid in axonal regeneration. Gross appearance of the spinal cord around the injury site of the vehicle-treated (A) and FGF-2-treated (C) rats on experimental day 42 are shown, with the boxed areas in A and C enlarged in B and D, respectively. Fluorescence photomicrographs of longitudinal sections through the spinal cords of the vehicle-treated (E and F) and FGF-2-treated (G and H) groups are also shown. Sections immunostained for growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43; green) and glial-fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; red) are merged (E and G), as are those for GAP-43 (green) and fibronectin (red; F and H). Note that more regenerated axons traversed the mass of fibronectin-positive cells in the FGF-2-treated group than in the vehicle-treated group. The left side is rostral (scale bars in A and C=500 μm; in B and D=50 μm, double line; in E–H=200 μm, dashed line). Note that both stumps are strongly labeled with GFAP.