Table 4. Four-level univariate logistic regression modeling of household and contextual factors associated with non-vaccination among children aged 12–23 months, India, 2007–2008.
| Characteristics | Completely Unvaccinated (CUV) | No Routine Immunisation (No-RI) | ||
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P-value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Husband’s Educational attainment, y | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| 0 | 6.58 (5.29–8.20) | 6.87 (5.84–8.07) | ||
| 1–5 | 4.46 (3.55–5.60) | 4.67 (3.95–5.51) | ||
| 6–8 years | 3.60 (2.86–4.53) | 3.43 (2.90–4.05) | ||
| 9–12 years | 2.01 (1.60–2.53) | 2.10 (1.79–2.47) | ||
| ≥13 years (reference) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Caste group General (reference) | 1 | <0.0001 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Other backward caste (OBC) | 1.19 (1.06–1.33) | 1.41 (1.30–1.54) | ||
| Scheduled caste | 1.43 (1.26–1.63) | 1.60 (1.46–1.76) | ||
| Scheduled tribe | 3.29 (2.94–3.69) | 2.45 (2.17–2.77) | ||
| Religion Hindu (reference) | 1 | <0.0001 | 1 | <0.0001 |
| Muslims | 1.49 (1.36–1.64) | 1.96 (1.80–2.13) | ||
| Others/no religion | 1.87 (1.68–2.07) | 1.23 (1.03–1.46) | ||
| Household’s Wealth index | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Poorest | 8.29 (6.88–9.99) | 7.82 (6.78–9.03) | ||
| Poorer | 6.21 (5.14–7.50) | 5.40 (4.69–5.22) | ||
| Middle | 4.48 (3.69–5.44) | 3.69 (3.19–4.23) | ||
| Richer | 2.48 (2.02–3.04) | 2.37 (2.05–2.74) | ||
| Richest (reference) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Contextual-level characteristics | ||||
| Rural versus urban residence | 1.82 (1.63–2.04) | <0.0001 | 1.69 (1.51–1.87) | <0.0001 |
| EAG-Assam states versus other states | 1.08 (0.46–2.07) | 0.117 | 1.95 (0.87–4.34) | 0.132 |
| Community Illiterate women | 1.12 (0.89–1.40) | 0.886 | 0.91 (0.80–1.02) | 0.511 |
| Community poverty | 0.89 (0.58–1.31) | 0.220 | 1.05 (0.90–1.22) | 0.107 |
EAG: Empowered- Action Group; 95% CI: 95% Confidence interval.