Table 1.
Sample composition and countries of origin in the analyzed studies
| Author | Country | Clinical group
|
Control group
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age, mean (SD) (years) | Education level (years) | PWC (weeks) | Consumption time (years) | Drinks per day (mean) | REC | n | Age mean (SD) (years) | Education level (years) | Type | ||
| Kornreich et al3 | Belgium | 9 M; 13 F | 38.1 (7.7) | 2.31 | 2–3 | 10.6 | 18.7 | IN | 9 M; 13 F | 37.2 (9.0) | 2.50 | HS |
| Maurage et al4 | Belgium | 9 M; 9 F | 50.7 (9.8) | 13.39 | 2 | – | 14.3 | IN | 9 M; 9 F | 48.0 (10.6) | 13.22 | SD |
| O’Daly et al6 | England | 17 M | 37.6 (9.6) | – | 2 | 16.3 | 39.1 | – | 31 M | 40.2 (8.7) | – | HS |
| Townshend and Duka7 | England | 8 M; 6 F | 47.9 (10.3) | – | 2 | – | 15.0 | IN | 8 M; 6 F | 42.1 (9.9) | – | SD |
| Philippot et al9 | Belgium | 18 M; 7 F | 43.0 (6.4) | 2.95 | 3 | – | – | IN | 18 M; 7 F | 43.8 (6.4) | 2.91 | HS |
| Frigerio et al10 | Italy | 13 M; 12 F | 46.7 (10.1) | 12.5 | 4 | – | – | OUT | 11 M; 12 F | 46.6 (8.8) | – | HS |
| Maurage et al11 | Belgium | 9 M; 1 F | 46.9 (11.3) | 13.4 | 2 | – | – | IN | 9 M; 1 F | 43.9 (9.5) | 13.5 | HS |
| Maurage et al12 | Belgium | 10 M; 5 F | 46.7 (12.0) | 13.46 | 2 | – | 15.4 | IN | 10 M; 5 F | 42.1 (14.2) | 14.47 | HS |
| Maurage et al13 | Belgium | 7 M; 8 F | 49.1 (8.0) | 13 | 2 | 19.5 | 16.7 | IN | 7 M; 8 F | 48.1 (7.2) | 13.5 | HS |
| Maurage et al14 | Belgium | 7 M; 5 F | 41.8 (6.6) | 12.67 | 2.5 | 9.4 | 27.3 | IN | 7 M; 5 F | 41.8 (9.1) | 12.92 | HS |
| Salloum et al15 | United States | 11 M | 35.7 (5.6) | – | 4 | – | 13.6 | IN | 11 M | 36.2 (5.8) | – | HS |
| Kornreich et al19 | Belgium | 18 M; 7 F | 43.0 (6.4) | 2.96 | 2–3 | – | – | IN | 18 M; 7 F | 43.8 (6.4) | 2.91 | HS |
| 18 M; 7 F | 44.6 (6.7) | 2.95 | 8–486 | – | – | |||||||
| Kornreich et al20 | Belgium | 20 M; 10 F | 44.1 (10.7) | 12.55 | 3–4 | 10–12 | 12.8 | IN | 20 M; 10 F | 42.1 (11.2) | 12.55 | HS |
| Kornreich et al21 | Belgium | 18 M; 12 F | 43.9 (9.8) | 13.06 | 3 | 13.5 | 19.7 | IN | 16 M; 14 F | 37.1 (10.4) | 14.38 | HS |
| Foisy et al22 | Belgium | 16 M; 9 F | 46.8 (9.3) | 13.04 | 3 | 16.8 | 18.8 | IN | 16 M; 10 F | 44.1 (9.5) | 13.48 | HS |
| Foisy et al23 | Belgium | 15 M; 12 F | 42.4 (8.1) | 12.64 | 4 | 13.0 | 18.0 | IN | 12 M; 10 F | 44.9 (9.3) | 14.9 | HS |
| 13 M; 9 F | 46.4 (7.9) | 13.27 | 8 | 13.0 | 14.7 | |||||||
| Maurage et al24 | Belgium | 17 M; 3 F | 44.6 (13.1) | 14.35 | 2–3 | 15.6 | 17.9 | IN | 17 M; 3 F | 44.6 (13.1) | 14.45 | HS |
| Sprah and Novak25 | Slovenia | 33 M | 45.0 (1.6) | 11.88 | 8 | 13.6 | – | IN | 36 M | 40.4 (11.2) | 11.72 | HS |
| Maurage et al26 | Belgium | 14 M; 4 F | 47.1 (10.3) | 13.17 | 2 | 9.6 | 26.7 | IN | 14 M; 4 F | 47.9 (11.9) | 13.78 | HS |
| Fein et al27 | United States | 28 M; 24 F | 45.5 (6.8) | 15.5 | 24–1,134 | – | – | NET | 25 M; 22 F | 45.5 (6.8) | 16.2 | HS |
| Acharya et al28 | England | 23 M | 39.3 (10.8) | – | 3 | – | – | IN | 26 M | 33.7 (10.7) | – | HS |
| Kumar et al29 | India | 30 M | 36.8 (5.5) | – | 2 | – | – | OUT | 30 M | 34.5 (4.8) | – | HS |
| Steinmet and Federspiel30 | Luxembourg | 5 M; 3 F | 60.8 (8.5) | – | 3.1 | 20.5 | – | RZP | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Kornreich et al31 | Belgium | 17 M; 8 F | 42.1 (9.6) | 17.56 | 3 | 12.1 | 16.2 | IN | 17 M; 8 F | 43.5 (9.1) | 17.08 | HS |
| Charlet et al32 | Germany | 25 M; 8 F | 44.8 (9.8) | 15.7 | 1 | 11.6 | – | IN | 25 M; 8 F | 46.1 (9.8) | 15.8 | HS |
| Carmona-Perera et al33 | Spain | 31 M | 52.0 (6.5) | 13.7 | 2 | 26.5 | 18.8 | IN | 34 M | 48.7 (10.6) | 17.1 | HS |
Abbreviations: M, male; F, female; SD, standard deviation; PWC, period without consumption; HS, healthy subjects; SD, social drinkers; NA, not applicable; REC, recruitment source; RZP, rural zone population; NET, Internet; IN, hospitalized patients; OUT, outpatients.