Table 2.
Summary of meta-analysis results for red meat or processed meat consumption (high intake vs. low intakea) and bladder cancer
| Analysis specifications | Studies | Total cases | Total population | SRRE (95% CI) | P-Heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red meat | |||||
| Total red meat | 14 | 9,084 | 1,520,308 | 1.15 (0.97-1.36) | 0.000 |
| Red meat category only | 12 | 8,880 | 1,519,885 | 1.15 (0.97-1.35) | 0.000 |
| Single red meat items | 2 | 204 | 423 | 1.22 (0.21-7.03) | 0.008 |
| Cohort studies | 5 | 4,814 | 1,494,283 | 1.08 (0.97-1.20) | 0.236 |
| Case-control studies | 9 | 4,270 | 26,025 | 1.23 (0.91-1.67) | 0.000 |
| Men | 5 | 3,199 | 620,458 | 1.04 (0.64-1.69) | 0.000 |
| Women | 3 | 2,693 | 619,074 | 0.97 (0.75-1.27) | 0.009 |
| Europe | 7 | 3,464 | 575,301 | 1.03 (0.77-1.39) | 0.000 |
| America | 7 | 5,620 | 945,007 | 1.25 (1.02-1.54) | 0.001 |
| Processed meat | |||||
| Total processed meat variables | 11 | 7,562 | 1,068,555 | 1.22 (1.04-1.43) | 0.002 |
| Processed meat category | 9 | 7,324 | 1,029,271 | 1.25 (1.09-1.43) | 0.031 |
| Single processed meat items | 2 | 238 | 39,284 | 1.71 (0.32-9.16) | 0.000 |
| Cohort studies | 5 | 3,927 | 1,051,404 | 1.08 (0.96-1.20) | 0.553 |
| Case-control studies | 6 | 3,635 | 171,51 | 1.46 (1.10-1.95) | 0.002 |
| Europe | 3 | 1,829 | 850,08 | 1.10 (0.93-1.30) | 0.608 |
| America | 7 | 5,619 | 945,007 | 1.33 (1.06-1.67) | 0.001 |
a
The intake contrast (i.e., exposure vs. referent group) for each study is reported in Table 1.