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Soluble TNF-α serum levels in CKD patients and CS. The mean difference between CKD patients (n = 106, 32.96 ± 7.40 pg/ml) and CS (n = 120, 10.13 ± 6.14 pg/ml) was analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CS, control subjects.
