Table 1.

Factors that decrease hepatitis B virus vaccination efficacy in hemodialysis patients

Factors that decrease HBV vaccination efficacy in HD patients
Patient - associated factors
Acquired immunity disturbances[17,50-55]
Age[57]
Diabetes mellitus[59]
Malnutrition[61]
Stage of chronic kidney disease[64]
Dialysis - associated factors
Peritoneal dialysis[43,65]
Low-flux HD[66]
No treatment with rHuEpo[67,68]
Vitamin D deficiency[56]

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HD: Hemodialysis.