Table 1.
Gene | Protein | Function |
APOc3 | Apolipoprotein C3 | Surface component of VLDL and inhibits LPL[227] |
ATGL | Adipose triglyceride lipase | Catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis[228] |
CGI-58 | Comparative Gene Identification-58 | Activator of triglyceride hydroxylases (including ATGL)[228] |
GCKR | Glucokinase regulatory Protein | Downregulation of glucokinase[229] |
LXR | Liver X Receptor | Transcription factor for numerous target genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism[230] |
PNPLA3 | Palatin-like phospholipase-containing protein 3 | Unknown, possible triglyceride hydroxylase[16] |
PPARα | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α | Nuclear receptor that promotes the catabolism of fatty acids[231] |
PPARγ | Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ | Nuclear receptor that promotes storage and processing of fatty acids[232] |
PPP1R3B | Glycogen Binding Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 1 | Subunit in Protein Phosphatase which activates glycogen synthase[233] |
SBERP1c | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein | Transcription factor for genes involved in de novo lipogenesis[234] |
ATGL: Adipocyte TG lipase; LPL: Lipoprotein lipase; VLDL: Very-low-density lipoproteins.