Table 1.
Distribution of selected characteristics in 1745 pregnant women
| Variable | n(%) |
|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 31.2 ± 4.3 |
| Gestation, weeks, mean ± SD | 18.5 ± 5.4 |
| Region of residence | |
| Fukuoka Prefecture | 971 (55.6) |
| Other than Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyushu | 592 (33.9) |
| Okinawa Prefecture | 182 (10.4) |
| Number of children | |
| 0 | 703 (40.3) |
| 1 | 690 (39.5) |
| ≥ 2 | 352 (20.2) |
| Nuclear family structure | 1474 (84.5) |
| History of depression | 84 (4.8) |
| Family history of depression | 175 (10.0) |
| Having ever smoked | 563 (32.3) |
| Ever experiencing secondhand smoke exposure at home | 1315 (75.4) |
| Ever experiencing secondhand smoke exposure at work | 1106 (63.4) |
| Job typea | |
| Unemployed | 705 (40.4) |
| Professional or technical | 435 (24.9) |
| Clerical or related occupation | 328 (18.8) |
| Sales | 83 (4.8) |
| Service | 115 (6.6) |
| Production | 51 (2.9) |
| Othersb | 28 (1.6) |
| Household income, yen/year | |
| < 4,000,000 | 632 (36.2) |
| 4,000,000 − 5,999,999 | 618 (35.4) |
| ≥ 6,000,000 | 495 (28.4) |
| Education, years | |
| < 13 | 428 (24.5) |
| 13 − 14 | 577 (33.1) |
| ≥ 15 | 740 (42.4) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 21.4 ± 2.8 |
| Daily nutrient intakec | |
| Total energy, kJ, mean ± SD | 7434.2 ± 2057.0 |
| Seaweed, g, mean ± SD | 12.3 ± 12.7 |
| Fish, g, mean ± SD | 46.7 ± 25.8 |
| Yogurt, g, mean ± SD | 34.8 ± 39.5 |
aFull-time or part-time employment in the year when the first questionnaire was conducted or in the previous year.
bManagement; protection services; farming, fishing, or forestry; transportation or communications; or construction.
cNutrient and food intake were adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method.