Table 2.
Characteristics according to quartile of seaweed consumption in 1745 pregnant women
| Quartile | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | 1 (Lowest) (n = 436) | 2 (n = 436) | 3 (n = 436) | 4 (Highest) (n = 437) | Pfor trend a |
| Age, years, mean | 30.8 | 31.1 | 31.6 | 31.3 | 0.04 |
| Gestation, weeks, mean | 18.5 | 18.4 | 18.5 | 18.7 | 0.67 |
| Region of residence, % | 0.31 | ||||
| Fukuoka Prefecture | 56.4 | 59.2 | 54.1 | 52.9 | |
| Other than Fukuoka Prefecture in Kyushu | 34.6 | 30.7 | 36.0 | 34.3 | |
| Okinawa Prefecture | 8.9 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 12.8 | |
| Number of children, % | 0.77 | ||||
| 0 | 39.2 | 42.0 | 37.4 | 42.6 | |
| 1 | 39.2 | 39.0 | 44.7 | 35.2 | |
| ≥ 2 | 21.6 | 19.0 | 17.9 | 22.2 | |
| Nuclear family structure, % | 85.8 | 83.9 | 85.8 | 82.4 | 0.28 |
| History of depression, % | 5.5 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 0.48 |
| Family history of depression, % | 10.3 | 11.5 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 0.45 |
| Having ever smoked,% | 37.2 | 36.0 | 27.1 | 28.8 | 0.0007 |
| Ever experiencing secondhand smoke exposure at home, % | 78.2 | 76.6 | 72.5 | 74.1 | 0.08 |
| Ever experiencing secondhand smoke exposure at work, % | 64.9 | 64.5 | 62.2 | 62.0 | 0.29 |
| Job typeb, % | 0.03 | ||||
| Unemployed | 38.1 | 41.7 | 40.8 | 41.0 | |
| Professional or technical | 21.1 | 23.6 | 28.0 | 27.0 | |
| Clerical or related occupation | 22.7 | 17.0 | 17.9 | 17.6 | |
| Sales | 6.0 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 3.4 | |
| Service | 6.7 | 7.6 | 5.5 | 6.6 | |
| Production | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.6 | 2.3 | |
| Othersc | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 2.1 | |
| Household income, yen/year, % | 0.11 | ||||
| < 4,000,000 | 41.3 | 35.6 | 32.3 | 35.7 | |
| 4,000,000 − 5,999,999 | 33.3 | 35.8 | 34.9 | 37.8 | |
| ≥ 6,000,000 | 25.5 | 28.7 | 32.8 | 26.5 | |
| Education, years, % | 0.10 | ||||
| < 13 | 28.0 | 23.9 | 23.2 | 23.1 | |
| 13 − 14 | 31.9 | 32.3 | 36.7 | 31.4 | |
| ≥ 15 | 40.1 | 43.8 | 40.1 | 45.5 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean | 21.7 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 21.4 | 0.11 |
| Fish, g, meand | 40.3 | 45.7 | 49.2 | 51.8 | < 0.0001 |
| Yogurt, g, meand | 32.4 | 32.4 | 36.4 | 38.1 | 0.01 |
aFor continuous variables, a linear trend test was used; for categorical variables, a Mantel-Haenszel χ2-test was used.
bEmployment status in the year when the first questionnaire was conducted or in the previous year.
cManagement; protection services; farming, fishing, or forestry; transportation or communications; or construction.
dFood intake was adjusted for total energy intake using the residual method.