Table 6.

Details of data normalization

		Data set names/	Data normalization	Datanormalization
GEO ID	Disease	Data retrieval methods	timing	methods
GSE46579	AD	GSE46579_AD_ngs_data_summarized.xls.gz	before FE	zero mean/variance is one
GSE37472	carcinoma	getGEO	before FE	zero mean/variance is one
GSE49823	CAD	getGEO	after FE	zero mean/variance is one ∗
GSE43329	NPC	getGEO	before FE	zero mean/variance is one +
GSE50013	HCC	getGEO	before FE #	zero mean/variance is one ∗
GSE41922	BC	GSE41922_series_matrix.txt.gz	after FE	zero mean/variance is one ∗
GSE49665	AML	getGEO	after FE	zero mean/variance is one ∗

^*no normalization for SVM/lasso, ⁺no normalization for SVM with PCA-based FE, ^#after FE for PCA-based LDA with universal features. All the sample normalizations were sample-based; i.e., each sample was normalized to have both zero mean and unit variance. AD, Alzheimer disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; BC, breast cancer; AML, acute myeloid leukemia. Data retrieval methods/data set names were used to name files and for analysis. getGEO indicates that individual sample profiles whose files names started with “GEO” were downloaded by the getGEO command in R.