Table 1.

Putative P. pastoris Aft1 binding sites found in promoters of selected genes known to enhance protein secretion

Gene	Functions a	Aft1 UBS (bp)	Sequence
PDI1	Protein disulfide isomerase, ER chaperone, formation of disulfide bonds	-423b to -409	gatcacaCACCctct
KAR2	ER chaperone, mediating protein folding, UPR regulation	-870b to -856	tcgtataCACCctca
		-194b to -180	tgtaataCACCcttg
SSA4	HSP70 protein, co-translational protein-membrane targeting and translocation of nascent proteins into the ER	-608c to -594	actcatgCACCctta
		-342b to -328	catggaaCACCccat
KIN2	Serine/threonine kinase involved in exocytosis	-177c to -163	ataactgCACCcaga
NCP1	P450 reductase, involved in lipid metabolism (ergosterol biosynthesis)	-539c to -525	ggttttgCACCcagg

^aFunctions are derived for the S. cerevisiae homologs of the P. pastoris genes in the Saccharomyces Genome Database.

^bAft2 matrix.

^cAft1 matrix.

Upstream binding sites (UBS): 5′ → 3′, -1000 to -1 A(0)TG. The core binding sequences, representing the highest conserved, consecutive positions are highlighted. TFBS analysis: MatInspector [18] using the search groups fungi and general core promoter elements.