Table 1.
Selected characteristics of study participants (N=402)
| Characteristics | N=402 (%) |
|---|---|
| Age | |
| Mean, years (range) | 31.9 (18–58) |
| ≤30 years | 212 (52.7) |
| >30 years | 190 (47.3) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 321 (79.9) |
| Female | 81 (20.1) |
| High school graduate | |
| Yes | 305 (75.9) |
| No | 97 (24.1) |
| Ethnicity | |
| Ukrainian or Russian | 381 (95.0) |
| Other | 21 (5.2) |
| Criminal justice history | |
| Mean number of lifetime arrests (SD) | 5.4 (7.0) |
| Mean number of previous incarcerations (range) | 2.2 (0–11) |
| Mean current incarceration duration, years (SD) | 2.6 (1.9) |
| Mean time before community release, months (SD) | 2.1 (1.7) |
| In a relationship | |
| Yes | 105 (26.1) |
| No | 297 (73.9) |
| Below national poverty line | |
| Yes | 243 (60.4) |
| No | 159 (39.6) |
| Hazardous drinking | |
| Yes | 229 (57.0) |
| No | 167 (41.5) |
| Substance use 30 days before incarceration | |
| Any substance use | 171 (42.5) |
| Multiple-substance use | 127 (31.6) |
| Opioid use | 138 (34.3) |
| Amphetamine use | 85 (21.1) |
| Sedatives use | 72 (17.9) |
| Ever injected drugs, lifetime | |
| Yes | 193 (48.7) |
| No | 209 (51.3) |
| Re-used syringe, container or needle (N=144) | |
| Yes | 104 (25.9) |
| No | 40 (10.0) |
| Major depressive disorder | |
| Moderate to severe depressive symptoms | 158 (40.3) |
| Social support | |
| Mean social support score (SD) | 2.99 (1.1) |
| Health-related quality of life | |
| Mean Physical Composite Score (SD) | 47.3 (5.8) |
| Mean Mental Composite Score (SD) | 38.4 (8.9) |
| HIV seropositive | 78 (19.4) |
| HIV outcomes (N=78) | |
| Mean CD4 count, cells/mL (range) | 355.1 (5–1239) |
| CD4>350 | 34 (43.6) |
| CD4≤350 | 44 (56.4) |
| Ever prescribed antiretroviral therapy | 8 (10.3) |
| Currently prescribed antiretroviral therapy | 5 (6.4) |
| Hepatitis C antibody | |
| Negative | 161 (40.0) |
| Positive | 241 (60.0) |
SD=standard deviation.