Fig. 4.

VMPFC region of interest defined by the high choice certainty probabilistic versus low choice certainty probabilistic contrast, and right anterior insula (R Insula) region defined by the conjunction of the low choice certainty probabilistic versus high choice certainty probabilistic contrast with the complex rule-based choice versus high choice certainty probabilistic choice contrast, (a) Choice phase parameter estimates for high choice certainty probabilistic, low choice certainty probabilistic, and complex rule-based conditions (VMPFC: top, R Insula: bottom), (b) VMPFC in t-statistic map from the high choice certainty probabilistic choice versus low choice certainty probabilistic choice contrast, (c) R Insula significant voxels from conjunction of the low choice certainty probabilistic versus high choice certainty probabilistic contrast with the complex rule-based choice versus high choice certainty probabilistic choice contrast, (d) VMPFC (top) and R Insula (bottom) activation time course for high choice certainty probabilistic, low choice certainty probabilistic, and complex rule-based conditions. Onset of the choice phase corresponds to 0 s. (e) Outcome phase parameter estimates for probabilistic choice positive outcomes, probabilistic choice negative outcomes, and complex rule-based positive outcomes (VMPFC: top, R Insula: bottom). Significant differences are noted in the bar graphs in (e) with a ‘*’. Error bars in each chart represent the standard error of the mean.