Table 1.
Producer | Giant-cell arteritis | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis | Effect | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL-1β | M1 | ++ | +++ | Proinflammatory |
IL-6 | M1 | ++ | + | Proinflammatory |
IL-8 | M1 | +/− | + | Proinflammatory |
IL-18 | M1/M2 | unknown | + | Neutrophil attractant and primer |
TNFα | M1 | + | + | Proinflammatory; granuloma formation |
IL-23 | M1 | + | + | Th17 sustaining |
CCL2 | M1 | + | + | Monocyte attractant |
PGE2 | M1 | unknown | + | Phagocytosis |
IL-15 | M1/M2 | unknown | + | T cell and NK-cell activation; vitamin D pathway |
Vitamin D | M1/M2 | unknown | + | Anti-inflammatory |
Osteopontin | M2 | unknown | ++ | Monocyte and neutrophil chemoattractant |
VEGF | M2 | ++ | + | Neoangiogenesis |
PDGF | M2 | ++ | + | Tissue remodeling and repair |
TGF-β | M2 | + | ++ | Anti-inflammatory; Th17 inducing |
IL-10 | M2 | + | + | Anti-inflammatory; Treg inducing |
Macrophage products involved in vasculitis.