Table 1.
Summary of macrophage products in relation to possible effects on T cells.
| Producer | Giant-cell arteritis | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis | Effect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β | M1 | ++ | +++ | Proinflammatory |
| IL-6 | M1 | ++ | + | Proinflammatory |
| IL-8 | M1 | +/− | + | Proinflammatory |
| IL-18 | M1/M2 | unknown | + | Neutrophil attractant and primer |
| TNFα | M1 | + | + | Proinflammatory; granuloma formation |
| IL-23 | M1 | + | + | Th17 sustaining |
| CCL2 | M1 | + | + | Monocyte attractant |
| PGE2 | M1 | unknown | + | Phagocytosis |
| IL-15 | M1/M2 | unknown | + | T cell and NK-cell activation; vitamin D pathway |
| Vitamin D | M1/M2 | unknown | + | Anti-inflammatory |
| Osteopontin | M2 | unknown | ++ | Monocyte and neutrophil chemoattractant |
| VEGF | M2 | ++ | + | Neoangiogenesis |
| PDGF | M2 | ++ | + | Tissue remodeling and repair |
| TGF-β | M2 | + | ++ | Anti-inflammatory; Th17 inducing |
| IL-10 | M2 | + | + | Anti-inflammatory; Treg inducing |
Macrophage products involved in vasculitis.