Table 2.
Plant derivatives as antimicrobial for the treatment of microbial infections
| Plants | Plant derivatives | Effective against | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medicago sativa | Saponins, canavanine | Enterococcus faecium Staphylococcus aureus | Aliahmadi et al. (2012) |
| Onobrychis sativa | AMPs (antimicrobial peptides) | E. faecium, S. aureus | Aliahmadi et al. (2012) |
| Allium sativum | Organosulfur compounds (phenolic compounds) | Campylobacter jejuni | Lu et al. (2011) |
| Raphanus sativum | RsAFP2 (Antifungal peptide) | Candida albicans | Aerts et al. (2009) |
| Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash | Vetivone (vetiver oil) | Enterobacter spp. | Srivastava et al. (2007) |
| Chelidonium majus | Glycoprotein | B. cereus, Staphylococcus spp. | Janovska et al. (2003) |
| Sanguisorba officinalis | Alkaloids, antimicrobial peptides | Ps. aeruginosa, E. coli | Janovska et al. (2003) |
| Cinnamomum osmophloeum | Cinnamaldehyde (in essential oil) | Legionella pneumophila | Chang et al. (2008) |
| Ocimum basilicum | Essential oil | Salmonella typhi | Wan et al. (1998) |
| Micromeria nervosa | Ethanolic extract | Proteus vulgaris | Ali-Shtayeh et al. (1997) |
| Rabdosia trichocarpa | Trichorabdal A | Helicobacter pylori | Kadota et al. (1997) |
| Melaleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus sp. | Essential oil | Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. | Warnke et al. (2009) |
| Anthrocephalous cadamba and Pterocarpus santalinus | Ethanolic extract | MDRsM | Dubey et al. (2012) |
| Lantana camara L. | Leaf extract in dichloromethane & methanol | MDRsG + ve and MDRsG−ve | Dubey and Padhy (2013) |
| Butea monosperma Lam. | Ethanolic and hot water extract of leaf | MDRsM | Sahu and Padhy (2013) |
| Jatropha curcas (Linn.) | Ethanolic and methanolic extract | MDRsG + ve + Micrococcus sp. & MDRsG−ve + Shigella sp. + Bacillus sp. | Igbinosa et al. (2009) |
| Ficus exasperate and Nauclea latifolia | Methanolic extract of leaf and stem | E. coli, Shigella dysenteriae, S. typhi, C. albicans, P. aeruginosa | Tekwu et al. (2012) |
| Rhus coriaria | Ethanolic extract | MDR P. aeruginosa | Adwan et al. (2010) |
MDRsM = Staphylococcus aureus + Acinetobacter sp. + Citrobacter freundii + Chromobacterium violaceum + Escherichia coli + Klebsiella sp. + Proteus sp. + Pseudomonas aeruginosa + Salmonella typhi + Vibrio cholera; MDRsG + ve = S. aureus (MRSA) + Streptococcus pyogenes + Enterococcus faecalis (VRE); MDRsG−ve = Acinetobacter baumannii + Citrobacter freundii + Proteus mirabilis + Proteus vulgaris + Pseudomonas aeruginosa