Table 1.

Agriculture and livestock husbandry pests, and plants containing β-CA which applied in this research

Species name	General name	Parasitic Features	Main concerns
Acyrthosiphon pisum	pea aphid	Sap-sucking in forage crops, such as peas, clover, alfalfa, and broad beans	Food canning industry [22]
Ancylostoma caninum	A species of phylum Nematoda	Infection of the small intestine of dogs and human (zoonosis)	Dog breeding [23]
Ascaris suum ( Ascaris lumbricoides )	large roundworm of pigs	Ascariasis in pig and human (zoonosis)	Pig breeding [24]
Caligus clemensi	Plural sea lice	Major ectoparasites of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon	Fishing and fish farming [25]
Camponotus floridanus	Carpenter ant	Nest in live or dead trees, rotting logs and stumps, buildings, telephone poles, and other wooden structures	Wooden instrument industries and consumers [26]
Ceratitis capitata	Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly)	Causing extensive damage to a wide range of fruit crops	Invasion to orchards [27]
Culex quinquefasciatus	Southern house mosquito	Vector of West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus and other arboviruses, lymphatic filariasis, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Plasmodium relictum (avian malaria)	Zoonotic diseases which affect both humans and animals health [28]
Dendroctonus ponderosae	Mountain pine beetle (MPB)	Attacks to old or weakened trees, and speeds to younger forests	Wooden instrument industries and consumers [29]
Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba nuttalli Entamoeba dispar	A genus of phylum Amoebozoa	Causative agent of amoebiasis in animals and human (zoonosis)	Humans and animals health [30]
Haemonchus contortus	Trichostrongyloid nematode (Red stomach worm, wire worm or barber’s pole worm)	Causative agent of Haemonchosis by blood feeding through attachment to abomasal mucosa of ruminants	Sheep and goat farming [31]
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis	Freshwater ich, or freshwater ick	White spot disease in freshwater fishes and rarely in human (zoonosis)	Fish and fish farming [32]
Lepeophtheirus salmonis	Salmon louse	Parasite living on wild salmon and fish farming	Fish and fish farming [25]
Necator americanus	New World hookworm	Necatoriasis in dog, cat, and human (zoonosis)	Humans and animals health [33]
Solenopsis invicta	Red imported fire ant (RIFA)	Mound-building activity, Damage plant roots which leads to loss of crops, and interfere with mechanical cultivation	Wooden instrument industries and consumers, and gardening [34]
Tribolium castaneum	Red flour beetle	Pest of stored grain products, carcinogenic by secretion of quinones, causative agent of occupational IgE-mediated allergy and some other diseases	Wheat, flour, cereal and nut based food industries [35–38]
Trichinella spiralis	Pork worm	Trichinosis in rat, pig, bear and human (zoonosis)	Pig breeding [39]
Trichoplax adhaerens	Adherent hairy plate	Adherence to the wall of a marine aquariums	Aquarium and ornamental fishing industry [40]
Arabidopsis thaliana	Mouse-ear cress	-	A popular model organism in plant biology and genetics [41]
Pisum sativum	Pea	-	Pea is most commonly the small spherical seed or the seed-pod [42]
Gossypium hirsutum	Upland cotton	-	Upland cotton is the most widely planted species of cotton [43]
Nicotiana tabacum	Tobacco	-	Its leaves are commercially processed into tobacco [44]
Vitis vinifera	Grape vine	-	Commercial significance for wine and table grape production [45]
Solanum tuberosum	Potato	-	The world’s fourth-largest food crop, following maize, wheat and rice [46]
Populus trichocarpa	Black cottonwood or California poplar	-	A model organism in plant biology [47]
Capsella rubella	A genus from Mustard family	-	A member of Mustard family [48]