Fig. 2.

Comparison of cytokine levels in portal vein and peripheral circulation of normal, IIR and SST+IIR macaques. a IFN-γ levels were significantly increased in the portal vein (PV) but not in the peripheral circulation (PC), after IIR. In b–d, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, were significantly increased both in the PV and in the PC. SST significantly inhibited the secretion of cytokines. The data were obtained by ELISA as pg/ml in the serum. *Compared with the control group, P < 0.05. ^# Compared with the IIR group, P < 0.05