Fig. 2.

a Chromosomal location of insulin/insulin-like peptide genes in C. elegans, D. melanogaster and humans. C. elegans genome has 40 ILP genes spread across all six chromosomes. D. melanogaster has eight DILP genes that are found on chromosomes 1(X) and 3. The human insulin superfamily has ten members including insulin, IGF1 and IGF2, relaxins 1-3 (RLN1-3), and insulin-like peptides 3-6 (INSL3-INSL6). b Insulin signaling acts through transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms to regulate metabolism, development and neuronal function