Table II.

Directed differentiation within microcapsules.

Differentiation lineage	Starting cell type	Capsule material	References
Osteogenic	MSCs	Alginate	Ding et al. (2007), Penolazzi et al. (2010)
		Collagen	Chan et al. (2010)
	ESCs	Alginate	Hwang et al. (2009), Tang et al. (2012)
	ADSCs	Alginate	Abbah et al. (2006)
Chondrogenic	MSCs	Alginate	Babister et al. (2008), Endres et al. (2010)
		Collagen	Hui et al. (2008), Li et al. (2011)
Cardiac	ESCs	Alginate	Jing et al. (2010)
		Agarose	Bauwens et al. (2005)
Pancreatic	ESCs	Alginate	Chayosumrit et al. (2010), Wang et al. (2009)
Hepatocytic	ESCs	Alginate	Fang et al. (2007), Maguire et al. (2005)
Adipogenic	ADSCs	Alginate-gelatin	Yao et al. (2012)
Neural	ESCs	Alginate	Li et al. (2011b)
Hematopoietic	ESCs	Agarose	Dang et al. (2004), Rahman et al. (2010)