Table 2.
Mock clinical trial: sexual risk and protective factors at baseline, by age group
| Adolescents (aged 15–17) (N=41) |
Young women (aged 18–21) (N=94) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean) | 16.4 | 19.3 | |
| Years of education (mean) | 8.4 | 8.9 | 0.18 |
| Relationship status | % | % | |
| Married or cohabitating | 2.4 | 9.6 | |
| Regular partner, not cohabitating | 97.6 | 79.8 | 0.02a |
| Single | 0.0 | 10.6 | |
| Living with one/both parents | % 82.9 | % 58.5 | 0.006 |
| Occupation | % | % | 0.13 |
| Paid employment | 22.0 | 30.9 | |
| Student | 29.2 | 14.9 | |
| Unemployed, not in school | 48.8 | 54.2 | |
| Religion | % | % | |
| Muslim | 56.1 | 52.1 | 0.36a |
| Catholic | 39.0 | 34.0 | |
| Other | 4.8 | 13.8 | |
| Mean age at sexual debut | 15.2 | 16.3 | |
| Range | (11–17) | (10–20) | 0.0002 |
| First sexual encounter coerced/forced | 34.2% | 45.7% | 0.21 |
| First sexual partner 5+ years older | (N=36) | (N=87) | 1.00a |
| 8.3% | 10.3% | ||
| Mean number of lifetime sex partners | 1.7 | 2.6 | |
| Range | (1–5) | (1–10) | 0.002 |
| Mean number of sexual partners per year of sexual exposure | 1.24 | 1.06 | 0.24 |
| Two or more partners in lifetime | 39.0% | 72.3% | <0.001 |
| Ever concurrent partners | 19.5% | 16.0% | 0.61 |
| Ever exchanged sex for money or gifts | 14.6% | 13.8% | 0.09 |
| Ever tested for HIV | 47.5% | 75.0% | 0.002 |
| Ever had a pelvic exam | 5.1% | 15.7% | 0.14a |
| Ever used modern contraceptives | 2.4% | 21.3% | 0.004a |
| Current contraceptive use (non-condom) | 0.0 | 14.9 | 0.006a |
| Had sex in last week | (N=41) 51.2% | (N=93) 49.5% | 0.85 |
| Condom at last sex | 43.9% | 50.0% | 0.51 |
| Alcohol at last sex | 12.2% | 8.5% | 0.53a |
| Forced/coerced last sex | 4.9% | 8.5% | 0.72a |
| (N=41) | (N=93) | 0.005a | |
| Perceptions of HIV risk | % | % | |
| No perceived HIV risk | 36.6 | 15.1 | |
| Perceived a little HIV risk | 58.5 | 64.5 | |
| Perceived a lot of HIV risk | 4.9 | 20.4 | |
| Any incident SRH outcomeb | (N=35) 22.9% | (N=69) 14.5% | 0.29 |
| Incident pregnancy | 17.1% | 10.1% | 0.31 |
| Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis after baselineb | (N=22) 9.1% | (N=55) 5.5% | 0.62a |
a
Fisher's exact test used for any cells with values of 5 or less
b
subsample includes only those who had a month 4 clinic visit, during which pelvic and lab tests were conducted. RTI=reproductive tract infection; SRH=sexual and reproductive health; STI=sexually transmitted infection.