Table 1.

Comparison of peri-implant mucosa with physiological periodontium [3,5]

Peri-implant mucosa	Physiological periodontium
Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes of epithelium and junctional epithelium (biological width) are linked with the contact surface
Direct bone-to-implant contact	Anchoring system of root cementum, alveolar bone and desmodontic fibers
Subepithelially more collagen fibers and less fibroblasts/vessels	Subepithelially more fibroblasts and vessels
Parallel collagen fibers in relation to implant surface	Dentogingival, dentoperiostal, circular and transseptal fiber orientation