. 2014 Aug 31;2014:976764. doi: 10.1155/2014/976764

Table 1.

Analgesic effect of methanol extract from the galls of Quercus infectoria by tail-flick method in rats.

Treatments	Reaction time in seconds (mean ± SEM)
Treatments	0 min	15 min	30 min	45 min	60 min
Control (normal saline)	4.25 ± 0.57	4.50 ± 0.34	4.42 ± 0.45	4.58 ± 0.44	5.17 ± 0.80
Morphine sulfate	6.50 ± 1.22	11.04 ± 0.73^∗ab	11.92 ± 0.84^∗ab	12.83 ± 0.35^∗ab	13.33 ± 0.83^∗ab
Sodium salicylate	4.13 ± 0.54	5.29 ± 0.57	6.75 ± 0.62^∗a	5.75 ± 0.56	6.79 ± 1.24
Quercus infectoria (galls) extract	6.67 ± 0.85^a	7.04 ± 0.67^a	8.04 ± 0.73^a	7.00 ± 0.92^a	6.67 ± 0.86

All values by Student's t-test, significant at P < 0.05, and SEM = standard error mean. *P < 0.05 versus baseline of the respective treatment, ^a P < 0.05 treatment versus control, ^b P < 0.05 extract versus morphine sulfate, extract versus sodium salicylate was not significant at all time points.