Methods	Randomised trial.
Participants	40 women (20 primigravidas and 20 having their second or third confinement). Inclusion criteria - gestational age 38 weeks or more, and cervical score 6 or greater. Exclusion criteria - multiple pregnancies or breech presentations
Interventions	Intervention group: upright - encouraged to “be up and about”. If woman wished to go to bed, she was nursed in a sitting position with the aid of pillows. Comparsion group: recumbent - nursed in the lateral position Labour was induced by forewater amniotomy and 0.5 mg PGE2 immediately after amniotomy and hourly thereafter until labour was considered to be established. If labour was not established an hour after the 6th PGE2 tablet (i.e. 6 hours after amniotomy), intravenous oxytocin was given
Outcomes	Type of delivery. Analgesia. Augmentation. ARM. Blood loss. Fetal distress. Apgar.
Notes
Risk of bias
Item	Authors’ judgement	Description
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear	Described as ‘randomised prospective study’.
Allocation concealment?	Unclear	Described as ‘randomly allocated according to the contents of a plain envelope’
Blinding? Women	No	Not feasible.
Blinding? Clinical staff	No	Not feasible.
Blinding? Outcome assessor	Unclear	Not stated.
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	Yes	No losses to follow up.