Methods	Randomised trial.
Participants	40 nulliparous women receiving a CSE.
Interventions	Intervention group: out of bed (sitting in rocking chair, stand by bed, walk about) (n = 20). Comparison group: staying in bed (n = 20). All women - spinal injection of bupivacaine 2.5 mg and fentanyl 25 g using a 27 gauge, 1119 mm Becton-Dickinson Whitacre spinal needle through a 16 gauge Braun Tuohy needle, followed by epidural top ups of 10 mg bupivacaine in 10 ml with 2 g/ml of fentanyl
Outcomes	Apgar.
Notes
Risk of bias
Item	Authors’ judgement	Description
Adequate sequence generation?	Unclear	Described as ‘randomly allocated’.
Allocation concealment?	Unclear	Not stated.
Blinding? Women	No	Not feasible.
Blinding? Clinical staff	No	Not feasible.
Blinding? Outcome assessor	Unclear	Not stated.
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	Yes	No losses to follow up.