Table 1.
Age-Standardized* Baseline Characteristics by Body Mass Index (BMI), HPFS 1992–2008
| <21 (n=673) |
21 – <23 (n=2,639) |
23 – <25 (n=4,881) |
25 – <27.5 (n=5,748) |
27.5 – <30 (n=2,568) |
30 – <35 (n=1,305) |
≥35 (n=242) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in 1992 (years) | 59.0 (10.2) | 57.6 (9.5) | 57.3 (9.0) | 57.4 (9.0) | 56.9 (8.5) | 56.8 (8.1) | 55.6 (8.0) |
| Waist circumference (inches) | 33.0 (2.4) | 34.3 (2.1) | 35.7 (2.2) | 37.5 (2.4) | 39.8 (2.6) | 42.3 (3.2) | 46.7 (4.4) |
| Cigarette smoking in the 10 years before 1992 (%) | 18 | 14 | 17 | 20 | 22 | 24 | 27 |
| Vigorous physical activity in 1992 (MET-hours/wk) | 20.7 (33.1) | 19.6 (32.3) | 17.7 (25.9) | 14.6 (26.7) | 11.8 (27.3) | 8.9 (18.0) | 7.5 (17.0) |
| Intakes in 1990 | |||||||
| Energy (kcal/d) | 1,995 (517) | 1,982 (528) | 1,974 (539) | 1,961 (552) | 1,975 (565) | 1,957 (558) | 2,009 (548) |
| Dietary lycopene (µg/d) | 6,815 (4,433) | 7,054 (4,184) | 7,270 (4,239) | 7,342 (4,389) | 7,390 (4,436) | 7,772 (4,879) | 8,175 (4,476) |
| Dietary beta-carotene (µg/d) | 5,080 (3,280) | 4,892 (3,148) | 4,697 (2,651) | 4,720 (2,899) | 4,660 (2,831) | 4,580 (2,733) | 4,769 (2,893) |
| Dietary lutein (µg/d) | 3,462 (2,361) | 3,309 (2,005) | 3,221 (1,878) | 3,259 (1,981) | 3,246 (2,008) | 3,152 (2,041) | 3,230 (2,630) |
| Dietary vitamin C (mg/d) | 165 (72) | 166 (70) | 165 (67) | 161 (67) | 157 (69) | 154 (65) | 151 (55) |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/d) | 12.9 (3.8) | 12.9 (3.4) | 13.1 (3.4) | 13.1 (3.4) | 13.1 (3.2) | 13.1 (3.3) | 13.8 (4.3) |
| Supplemental vitamin E (IU/d) | 39.1 (83.2) | 38.7 (81.5) | 34.8 (75.7) | 32.9 (74.8) | 31.2 (74.4) | 34.9 (79.9) | 27.4 (74.1) |
| Supplemental selenium (µg/d) | 10.9 (37.1) | 12.3 (38.6) | 10.9 (36.2) | 9.9 (34.5) | 9.8 (33.9) | 10.9 (37.1) | 8.2 (29.4) |
| Fruit (servings†/d) | 2.5 (1.6) | 2.5 (1.6) | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.4) | 2.1 (1.1) |
| Vegetables (servings†/d) | 3.6 (1.9) | 3.6 (2.0) | 3.5 (1.8) | 3.5 (1.8) | 3.5 (1.9) | 3.6 (1.9) | 3.7 (1.8) |
| Cruciferous vegetables (servings†/d) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 10.9 (14.9) | 10.9 (13.9) | 11.2 (13.7) | 11.4 (14.1) | 11.7 (15.0) | 10.7 (15.1) | 8.4 (13.2) |
| Red meat (servings†/d) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.4) | 0.7 (0.4) |
| Regular use of aspirin in 1992 (%) | 29 | 32 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 38 | 38 |
| History of high blood pressure by 1992 (%) | 14 | 17 | 21 | 26 | 32 | 42 | 56 |
| History of type 2 diabetes mellitus by 1992 (%) | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 13 |
*
Values are means (SD) or percentages and are standardized to the age distribution of the study population.
†
One-half cup of fruit or vegetables equals one serving; 4–6 oz of red meat equals one serving.