Table 2. Key characteristics of HIV/AIDS community interventions from six qualitative studies (adults only).
| Author/date | Study location/age range | Sample | Intervention strategy | Study design | Outcome measurements | Main findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Airhihenbuwa et al. (2009) | South Africa; adults with wide age range | N = 453 | The PEN-3 cultural model: – Cultural identify – Relationships and expectations – Cultural empowerment |
Focus group, informant interviews | Stigma | A community dialogue was one strategy used to reduce stigmatization of PLWHA in South Africa |
| Hyde et al. (2005) | Los Angeles, CA; adult mean age 35 | N = 35 | GLIs – Educational forums – Multi-session small-group workshop |
Semi-structured interviews | Social isolation; depression | Benefited from social support networks with a reduction in feelings of social isolation and depression |
| Kaleeba et al. (1997) | Uganda; adult mean age 32.3 | Clients: n = 324; caregivers: n = 232 | TASO model: – An NGO-supported clinical service – Providing counseling, medical and social supports to PWAs |
A participatory approach | Coping skills; plan for future | High level of acceptance in families and communities, high percentage of making plan for the future, and high coping of clients and families |
| Maman et al. (2009) | Four sites in Africa, one in Thailand; adult aged 18–32 | Total n = 655 | A multi-site community randomized trial of community-based HIV VCT | Semi-structured interviews | Stigma | Lower HIV stigma |
| Ramirez-Valles and Brown (2003) | Chicago, USA; adult volunteers | Total Org n = 62; total men: n = 13 | Community involvements in volunteerism and activism | In-depth interviews | Self-esteem; sense of empowerment | Increased self-esteem and sense of empowerment |
| Waterman et al. (2007) | Kenya; adult health professionals | N = 27 | HBC professionals | A PAR study | Stigma | Reducing stigmatizing behavior in the context of delivering and coordinating HIV HBC |
Note: NGO, non-governmental organization; VCT, voluntary counseling and testing; PWA, people living with HIV/AIDS; Org, organizations; HBC, home-based care; PAR, participatory action research.