Table 4.
Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of eczema in relation to exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection
| Longitudinal analysis of incident eczema between ages 3 and 5 (N = 498)* | Overall N (%) | Outcome Yes n (%) | Outcome No n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. pylori exposure at year 3 | ||||||
| No | 293 (58.8) | 18 (6.1) | 275 (93.9) | 1 | 1 | 0.02 |
| Yes | 205 (41.2) | 5 (2.4) | 200 (97.6) | 0.38 (0.14, 1.05) | 0.31 (0.10, 0.94) | |
| Cross-sectional analysis of eczema at age 5 | ||||||
| H. pylori exposure at age 5 (N = 847) | ||||||
| No | 477 (56.3) | 24 (5.0) | 453 (95.0) | 1 | 1 | 0.19 |
| Yes | 370 (43.7) | 12 (3.2) | 358 (96.8) | 0.63 (0.31, 1.28) | 0.63 (0.31, 1.28) | |
| H. pylori exposure at ages 3 and 5 (N = 593)‡ | ||||||
| Never infected | 222 (37.4) | 15 (6.8) | 207 (93.2) | 1 | 1 | 0.16 |
| Infected at age 3 but not at age 5 | 101 (17.0) | 2 (2.0) | 99 (98.0) | 0.28 (0.06, 1.26) | 0.29 (0.06, 1.28) | |
| Infected at age 5 but not at age 3 | 126 (21.3) | 5 (4.0) | 121 (96.0) | 0.57 (0.20, 1.61) | 0.54 (0.19, 1.54) | |
| Persistent exposure | 144 (24.3) | 4 (2.8) | 140 (97.2) | 0.39 (0.13, 1.22) | 0.40 (0.13, 1.24) | |
*
Reduced numbers as longitudinal analysis performed only on those reporting never eczema at age 3.
†
ORs adjusted for child's gender, area of residence, and maternal education and further adjusted controlled for history of breastfeeding in the first year of life.
‡
Reduced numbers as H. pylori measured on subsample only at age 3.