Table 5.
Longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses of rhinitis in relation to exposure to Helicobacter pylori infection
| Longitudinal analysis of incident rhinitis between ages 3 and 5 (N = 559)* | Overall N (%) | Outcome Yes n (%) | Outcome No n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. pylori exposure at year 3 | ||||||
| No | 334 (59.8) | 13 (3.9) | 321 (96.1) | 1 | 1 | 0.88 |
| Yes | 225 (40.3) | 10 (4.4) | 215 (95.6) | 1.15 (0.49, 2.67) | 1.07 (0.45, 2.57) | |
| Cross-sectional analysis of rhinitis at age 5 | ||||||
| H. pylori exposure at age 5 (N = 847) | ||||||
| No | 477 (56.3) | 18 (3.8) | 459 (96.2) | 1 | 1 | 0.86 |
| Yes | 370 (43.7) | 13 (3.5) | 357 (96.5) | 0.93 (0.45, 1.92) | 0.94 (0.45, 1.94) | |
| H. pylori exposure at ages 3 and 5 (N = 593) ‡ | ||||||
| Never infected | 222 (37.4) | 9 (4.1) | 213 (96.0) | 1 | 1 | 0.83 |
| Infected at age 3 but not at age 5 | 101 (17.0) | 3 (3.0) | 48 (97.0) | 0.72 (0.19, 2.74) | 0.73 (0.19, 2.76) | |
| Infected at age 5 but not at age 3 | 126 (21.3) | 3 (2.4) | 123 (97.6) | 0.56 (0.15, 2.18) | 0.60 (0.16, 2.26) | |
| Persistent exposure | 144 (24.3) | 6 (4.2) | 138 (95.8) | 1.03 (0.36, 2.96) | 1.05 (0.36, 3.03) | |
*
Reduced numbers as longitudinal analysis performed only on those reporting never rhinitis at age 3.
†
ORs adjusted for child's gender, area of residence, and maternal education.
‡
Reduced numbers as H. pylori measured on subsample only at age 3.