Figure 4.

The pathways involved in cellular metabolism and production of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) for DNA methylation [61]. Dietary factors regulate DNA and histone methylation such as BHMT betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase; CBS cystathionine β-synthase; COMT catechol-O-methyltransferase; DHF dihydrofolate; MS methionine synthase; MTHFR 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; SAH S-adenosyl homocysteine; SAM S-adenosyl methionine; SHMT serine hydroxymethyltransferase and THF tetrahydrofolate.