Study	Reason for exclusion
Berglund 1998	This study is not an RCT, but an area-based, before and after evaluation. The study compared 2 programmes of antenatal care during 2 different time periods
Biro 2000	In this RCT continuity of caregiver was assessed.
Chambliss 1992	This RCT compared physician versus midwifery management in labour
Clement 1996	This study does not report results from a RCT rather it is a secondary analysis, focusing on variables that can predict women’s satisfaction in 2 antenatal visits models
Flenady 1998	Planned trial registered in The Cochrane Library but there are no data available
Giles 1992	In this RCT midwife managed care was compared with standard shared care (obstetricians and midwives). The study focused on alternative care providers and examined the economic implications of different care packages; there was no planned alteration in the schedule of visits or in the number of antenatal visits
Harvey 1996	A RCT but the intervention focused on continuity of care up to postpartum period rather than on antenatal care models
Hundley 1997	RCT comparing delivery care by midwives versus standard care in the labour ward. The antenatal care was otherwise identical
Jewell 2000	In this RCT the intervention group was not a fixed reduction in the number of visits
Kitzman 1997	A RCT examining an increase in antenatal care by home visits during which basic care was provided
Kusulasai 1993	This quasi RCT examined 771 low-risk women attending an antenatal clinic in Thailand 1991-2. A reduced schedule of 4 antenatal visits (scheduled for less than 20 weeks, 28 weeks, 34 and 40 weeks) was compared with standard visits (approximately 8). The study was excluded as it was assessed as being at high risk of bias and results were therefore very difficult to interpret. Women who did not attend all visits according to the study protocol, or that did not deliver in the study hospital were excluded from the analysis. It was not clear how many women were randomised or how many women were excluded after randomisation. (Data extraction from translation notes.)
Neilson 1998	This study was not an RCT.
Srinivasan 1995	A randomised community intervention trial introducing a high-risk package
Tucker 1996	This RCT compared routine antenatal care provided by general practitioners and midwives in community based clinics with standard shared care provided by obstetricians and midwives. The study focused on alternative care providers; there was no planned alteration in the number of antenatal visits
Turnbull 1996	In this RCT midwife managed care carried out by a small team of midwives was compared with standard shared care (obstetricians and midwives). The study focused on alternative care providers; there was no planned alteration in the schedule of visits or in the number of antenatal visits
Waldenstrom 2000	RCT assessing the effectiveness of continuity of caregiver.

RCT: randomised controlled trial