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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2014 Aug 22;35(36):9635–9648. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.011

Figure 6. Macrophage response to TNF-α inhibition.

Figure 6

RAW 264.7 macrophages were cultured with 75 μg/mL of Ac-SDKP, C16, or the combination of C16 and Ac-SDKP peptides for 72 hours with TNF-α antibodies as soluble TNF-α inhibitors (5 μg/mL). A) TNF-α activity in cell culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. B) MMP-9 activity was measured by zymography. C) MMP-9 activity was quantified by densiometry using Image J and normalized to the average activity of no peptide/no inhibitor treatment condition. Data are means ± SEM from four replicate experiments. *p<0.05 vs. no peptide in same condition (no inhibition or TNF-α inhibition); † p<0.05 between groups connected by lines; ‡p<0.05 vs. no inhibition with same peptide treatment (Tukeys' Range Test).