Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of study participants

Values are presented as mean ± SD, number (%), or median (interquartile range).

pSBP, brachial systolic blood pressure; pDBP, brachial diastolic blood pressure; cSBP, central systolic blood pressure; AIx, radial augmentation index; baPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; DPP-4I, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; OA, daytime outdoor physical activity.

^an = 33 in the placebo group, and n = 38 in the vitamin D group.