Table 4.
Regression analyses | Correlations | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reading | Arithmetic | |||||||
Predictor | Without arithmetic | With arithmetic | Without reading | With reading | Arithmetic | Reading | Rapid naming | Phonological awareness |
Controlling variable | ||||||||
Risk | −0.29*** | −0.24*** | −0.28*** | −0.08 | ||||
Arithmetic | – | 0.25*** | – | – | – | |||
Reading | – | – | – | 0.38*** | 0.45*** | – | ||
Preliteracy skills (6 years) | ||||||||
Rapid naming colours | 0.24*** | 0.17** | 0.28*** | 0.19** | 0.40*** | 0.48*** | – | |
Phonological awareness | 0.09 | 0.10 | −0.03 | −0.06 | 0.28*** | 0.46*** | 0.38*** | – |
Letter knowledge | 0.37*** | 0.31*** | 0.26** | 0.12 | 0.39*** | 0.56*** | 0.45*** | 0.71*** |
Total R 2 | 0.51*** | 0.56*** | 0.27*** | 0.34*** |
N = 190–194. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001