Table 4.

β-weights and total R ² of the multiple regressions predicting school achievement at 9 years from preliteracy skills at 6 years (left hand side) and pooled within-group correlations (right hand side)

	Regression analyses				Correlations
	Reading		Arithmetic
Predictor	Without arithmetic	With arithmetic	Without reading	With reading	Arithmetic	Reading	Rapid naming	Phonological awareness
Controlling variable
Risk	−0.29***	−0.24***	−0.28***	−0.08
Arithmetic	–	0.25***	–	–	–
Reading	–	–	–	0.38***	0.45***	–
Preliteracy skills (6 years)
Rapid naming colours	0.24***	0.17**	0.28***	0.19**	0.40***	0.48***	–
Phonological awareness	0.09	0.10	−0.03	−0.06	0.28***	0.46***	0.38***	–
Letter knowledge	0.37***	0.31***	0.26**	0.12	0.39***	0.56***	0.45***	0.71***
Total R 2	0.51***	0.56***	0.27***	0.34***

N = 190–194. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001