Methods | Allocation: random, no further details. Blinding: double, no further details. Duration: six weeks. Design: parallel. Location: not reported. |
|
Participants | Diagnosis: (ICD-10) acute schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder. N=48. Age: not reported. Gender: not reported. History: duration of illness not reported, age at onset not reported. Setting: inpatient. |
|
Interventions |
|
|
Outcomes | Mental State: PANSS total score. Adverse effects: EPS (akathisia, parkinsonoid, dystonia). Unable to use- EPS (no data). |
|
Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors’ judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Random, no further details. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No further details. |
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Subjective outcomes |
Unclear risk | Double, no further details. Whether blinding was successful has not been examined, but the compounds differ quite substantially in side-effects. This can be a problem for blinding |
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Objective outcomes |
Low risk | Objective outcomes such as laboratory measures or death are unlikely to have been much affected by problems of blinding |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes |
High risk | Data on subjects leaving the study early were not available. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Allowed study medication dose ranges were not indicated. A publication was not available |
Other bias | Unclear risk | Insufficient information, although the first author kindly provided us some |
Diagnostic tool
DSM III-R and DSM-IV - Diagnostic Statistical Manual version 3 Revised and version 4.
ICD 10 - The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.
BMI - Body Mass Index.
Rating Scales:
Global rating scales:
CGI - Clinical Global Impressions.
CGI-S - Clinical Global Impression-Severity.
CGI-I - Clinical Global Impression-Improvement.
Mental state:
BPRS - Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.
MADRS - Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale.
MMSE - Wiing Mini Mental State Examination.
PANSS - Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
SANS - Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms.
Side effects:
AIMS - Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale.
BAS - Barnes Akathisia Scale.
BMI - Body mass index.
ESRS - Extrapyramidal Syndrome Rating Scale.
HAS - Hillside Akathisia Scale.
SAS - Simpson-Angus Index - for neurological side effects.
UKU - Udvalg for kliniske ndersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale -side effect rating scale.
Quality of Life:
QoL - Quality of Life Scale.
SWN -Subjective Well-being List.