Methods	Allocation: randomised. Blinding: single. Duration: 16 weeks. Setting: Veterans Affairs Hospital, USA.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (DSM-IV). N=12. Age: mean ~ 52 years. Sex: 8M, 2F.
Interventions	Exercise Group: exercise programme 3x a week. 10 minute warm up stretches in addition to walking on a treadmill; participants increased their walking time from 5 minutes on the first day to 30 minutes. N=6 Standard care: participants continued usual care and were placed on waiting list and then received identical intervention at the conclusion of the study. N=6. Data was taken only from the time participants received standard care
Outcomes	Mental state: PANSS positive, negative score. Leaving study early. Unable to use - Mental state: PANSS total score (SDs not reported). Physical fitness: Six Minute Walk Test (SDs not reported). Weight: BMI, Percentage body fat (SDs not reported - some data for percentage body fat presented as other data)
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors’ judgement	Support for judgement
Adequate sequence generation?	Low risk	Allocation schedule designed by statistician.
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	No details given.
Blinding? All outcomes	Low risk	Single, researcher blinded to group status, untested.
Incomplete outcome data addressed? All outcomes	High risk	83.3% of participants in the analysis (10/12). Two participants in the exercise arm did not attend first session. These participants were excluded from the results
Free of selective reporting?	High risk	Several SDs were not reported for PANSS, BMI, and Percentage Body Fat
Free of other bias?	High risk	Small sample size.