(A) Virus gag mRNA expression in the cerebrum and cerebellum-brain stem of Fr98-NSC-inoculated wild-type, CCR2−/−, and CCR5−/− mice. Virus gag mRNA expression was determined using real-time PCR. Data are shown as the difference of gag mRNA relative to GAPDH mRNA expression (−ΔCT). Each circle represents a single animal; open circles indicate mice with no clinical signs of ataxia, while solid circles indicate mice with clinical signs of ataxia. Statistical analysis was done using a two-tailed one-way analysis of variance with Newman-Keuls post hoc test. (B) MCP mRNA expression in mock-NSC- or Fr98-NSC-infected mice at 21 days postinfection as detected by real-time PCR. Data are presented as a percentage of GAPDH and are the average and standard error for three mice per group. Statistical analysis was done by a one-tailed Mann-Whitney test. P values were 0.05 for MCP-1, 0.35 for MCP-2, 0.05 for MCP-3, and 0.05 for MCP-5.