Table 2.

BOLD maxima for emotion vs. control in the anterior insula and other emotion-related brain regions for Chinese and American participant groups, in MNI space, from separate whole-brain analyses.

Region	Chinese (CH)				East-Asian American (AA)				American (RA)
	X	Y	Z	z score	X	Y	Z	z score	X	Y	Z	z score
Anterior insula
Ventral	−44	8	−12	3.64	−38	−2	10	3.31	−46	8	−4	3.37
	42	6	−10	3.91	38	12	−12	3.55	48	12	−6	4.33
Dorsal					−32	12	4	5.00	−26	20	6	4.05
					32	22	4	3.69	30	22	10	4.28
3rd short gyrus/ principle sulcus	−38	6	8	3.39	−34	12	2	4.91	−46	8	0	3.64
	40	4	0	3.13	44	10	−2	4.22	42	8	12	3.99
Posterior insula	−36	−16	−4	4.13	−36	−8	12	3.63	42	−4	−10	3.23
Anterior cingulate	−2	−2	36	4.2	4	16	44	3.35	0	16	38	4.84
Posterior cingulate	−10	−26	36	4.28	−4	−34	34	3.71	−14	−38	44	3.49
	12	−24	48	4.31	8	−44	12	3.43	14	−36	44	3.31
Precuneus	−12	−56	62	5.40	−8	−74	50	5.08	−8	−60	62	5.50
	10	−52	64	4.40	2	−60	60	3.97	14	−66	52	5.17
Supramarginal gyrus	−60	−34	30	3.94	−58	−44	32	3.34	−56	−38	38	6.42
	68	−24	18	3.11	66	−38	28	3.53	62	−26	58	5.36
Mesencephalon					−12	−16	−8	4.64	−8	−24	−10	4.04
					12	−24	−12	5.89	12	−24	−12	3.71

Activation thresholds were determined by the False Discovery Rate statistic, q(FDR) < 0.05. Note significant activation for emotion relative to control in the ventral anterior insula for all groups, but in the anterior-most portions of the dorsal anterior insula for the American groups only. (All groups showed activation in the dorsal sector of the 3rd short gyrus/principle sulcus of insula, in a location corresponding to the posterior border of the dorsal anterior insula. Voxels corresponding to this activation were included in the dAI VOI).