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(+)-DESI-MS spectra of cross-linked insulin (a) before and (b) after electrochemical reduction (applied potential: −1.5 V); (−)-DESI-MS spectra of denatured and cross-linked insulin (c) before and (d) after electrochemical reduction (applied potential: −1.5 V); and (e) CID MS/MS spectra of B chain4+▲ (m/z 872.7). Inset in (a) shows the structures of intact insulin and insulin with one dead-end modification. Inset in (b) shows the structure of insulin with two dead-end modifications.
