Table 1.

English CES-D factor structures, full sample and depressed subsample.

CES-D items	Full sample (n=3827)		Depressed subsample (n=450)
	1	2	1	2
1. I was bothered by things that usually don't bother me.	0.57	−0.01	0.46	0.05
2. I did not feel like eating; my appetite was poor.	0.44	0.02	0.31	0.06
3. I felt that I could not shake off the blues even with help from my family or friends.	0.66	−0.12	0.47	−0.24
4. I felt that I was just as good as other people.	−0.02	0.46	−0.07	0.46
5. I had trouble keeping my mind on what I was doing.	0.60	−0.01	0.41	−0.07
6. I felt depressed.	0.71	−0.13	0.59	−0.21
7. I felt that everything I did was an effort.	0.63	0.02	0.37	−0.05
8. I felt hopeful about the future.	0.03	0.59	−0.05	0.50
9. I thought my life bad been a failure.	0.61	−0.12	0.55	−0.20
10. I felt fearful.	0.63	0.01	0.53	0.04
11. My sleep was restless.	0.46	0.01	0.42	−0.09
12. I was happy.	−0.04	0.84	0.05	0.76
13. I talked less than usual.	0.59	0.03	0.51	0.14
14. I felt lonely.	0.64	−0.06	0.57	−0.04
15. People were unfriendly.	0.61	0.06	0.56	0.19
16. I enjoyed life.	−0.05	0.82	0.03	0.72
17. I had crying spells.	0.63	0.09	0.50	0.08
18. I felt sad.	0.75	−0.10	0.67	−0.15
19. I felt that people dislike me.	0.66	0.02	0.57	0.03
20. I could not get “going.”	0.64	−0.06	0.59	−0.12
	Intercorrelations		Intercorrelations
1	1.00	−0.59	1.00	−0.23
2	−0.59	1.00	−0.23	1.00