Table 1.
Baseline Sample Characteristics of 6,542 HRS Participants
| Variable | History of AUDs M (SD) or N (%) |
No History of AUDs M (SD) or N (%) |
t/χ² | df | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1065 (16.3) | 5477 (83.7) | |||
| Age | 55.4 (3.2) | 55.7 (3.2) | 2.60 | 6540 | 0.01a |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 333 (31.3) | 3400 (62.1) | 345.48 | 1 | <0.001b |
| Race | |||||
| White/Caucasian | 862 (80.9) | 4559 (83.2) | 3.32 | 1 | 0.07b |
| Other | 203 (19.1) | 918 (16.8) | |||
| Education (years in school) | 12.1 (3.2) | 12.5 (3.0) | 3.88 | 6540 | <0.001a |
| High socioeconomic status | 529 (49.7) | 2936 (53.6) | 5.54 | 1 | 0.02b |
| Current smoker | 366 (34.4) | 1232 (22.5) | 68.08 | 1 | <0.001b |
| Current alcohol consumption | |||||
| Non-drinker | 358 (33.6) | 2106 (38.5) | |||
| <1 drink a day | 355 (33.3) | 2751 (50.2) | |||
| 1–2 drinks a day | 195 (18.3) | 476 (8.7) | 436.96 | 4 | <0.001b |
| 3–4 drinks a day | 109 (10.2) | 119 (2.2) | |||
| ≥5 drinks a day | 48 (4.5) | 25 (0.5) | |||
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D)c | 262 (24.6) | 759 (13.9) | 78.13 | 1 | <0.001b |
| Obesity | 238 (22.4) | 1326 (24.2) | 1.70 | 1 | 0.19b |
| Physical inactivity | 181 (17.0) | 948 (17.3) | 0.06 | 1 | 0.80b |
| Cognitive score | −0.04 (0.97) | 0.12 (0.97) | 4.81 | 6540 | <0.001a |
| History of hypertension | 356 (33.4) | 1713 (31.3) | 1.91 | 1 | 0.17b |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 116 (10.9) | 450 (8.2) | 8.08 | 1 | <0.01b |
| History of unconsciousness due to head injury | 196 (18.4) | 575 (10.5) | 53.60 | 1 | <0.001b |
| Length of follow-up (years) | 16.5 (3.1) | 16.7 (3.0) | 2.45 | 6540 | 0.01a |
Notes: All values are shown unweighted. SD: standard deviation; df: degrees of freedom.
a
p value for a Student's t-test.
b
p value for a Pearson's χ² test.
c
CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (11 items; range: 0–33; cutoff of 9 indicating depressive symptoms).