Table 1.
Sample Characteristics
|
Age Group |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emerging | Young | Middle-Aged | Full Sample | |||||
| M or N | SD or % | M or N | SD or % | M or N | SD or % | M or N | SD or % | |
| Age | 20.93a | 1.73 | 31.25b | 4.11 | 49.12c | 6.96 | 28.94 | 11.41 |
| Gender (Female) | 90 | 61% | 44 | 65% | 32 | 63% | 166 | 62% |
| Race | ||||||||
| Caucasian | 102 | 69% | 46 | 68% | 37 | 73% | 185 | 69% |
| Black | 23 | 16% | 3 | 4% | 7 | 14% | 33 | 12% |
| Asian | 4 | 3% | 3 | 4% | 1 | 2% | 8 | 3% |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 2 | 1% | 2 | 3% | 0 | 0% | 4 | 2% |
| More than one race | 7 | 5% | 10 | 15% | 5 | 10% | 22 | 8% |
| Other/unknown | 8 | 5% | 2 | 3% | 0 | 0% | 10 | 4% |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 17 | 12% | 5 | 7% | 2 | 4% | 24 | 9% |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 108 | 73% | 57 | 84% | 42 | 82% | 207 | 78% |
| Unknown | 11 | 7% | 3 | 4% | 4 | 8% | 18 | 6% |
| BFNE | 33.46a | 10.02 | 33.81a | 10.18 | 29.88b | 8.06 | 32.86 | 9.80 |
| DMQ Coping | 9.87a | 4.25 | 7.57b | 2.61 | 7.41b | 3.07 | 8.82 | 3.86 |
| DMQ Enhancement | 14.20a | 5.15 | 11.41b | 4.57 | 9.53c | 3.99 | 12.60 | 5.15 |
| DMQ Social | 16.07a | 4.78 | 13.31b | 4.69 | 11.16c | 4.37 | 14.43 | 5.06 |
| DMQ Conformity | 7.04a | 2.75 | 6.18ab | 1.59 | 5.98b | 1.86 | 6.62 | 2.39 |
| SIP | 4.15a | 4.92 | 3.10b | 5.70 | 2.61b | 5.34 | 3.59 | 5.23 |
| Drinking Frequency | 5.01a | 1.93 | 5.12a | 2.48 | 6.16b | 2.78 | 5.26 | 2.29 |
| Drinking Quantity | 4.68a | 3.33 | 2.93b | 2.13 | 2.55c | 3.53 | 3.83 | 3.24 |
Note: Age differences are noted by unique letter superscripts (i.e., ‘a’ versus ‘b’) and are all significant at p < .05. BFNE is the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation; DMQ Coping, Enhancement, Social, and Conformity subscales refer to the subscales of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire; SIP is the Short Inventory of Problems. Means reflect the total score for each questionnaire (i.e., BFNE, DMQ-Coping, SIP). Percentages for race and ethnicity may not add up to 100% due to rounding. For demographic data, five participants did not report race (two emerging adults, two young adults, and one middle-aged adult), 18 participants did not report ethnicity (12 emerging adults, three young adults, and three middle-aged adults), and one participant did not report gender; this missing data is not reflected in the table. The Drinking Frequency variable (assessed with the DDQ) reflects frequency of alcohol consumption during the previous month. Responses were grouped into the following categories: 0 (never), 1 (less than once a month), 2 (once a month), 3 (two times a month), 4 (three times a month), 5 (once a week), 6 (two times a week), 7 (three times a week), 8 (four times a week), 9 (five times a week), 10 (six times a week), 11 (every day). The Drinking Quantity variable (assessed with the DDQ) reflects how many drinks on average participants consumed when they consumed alcohol during the past month. Responses indicate number of drinks (e.g., 0 = 0 drinks; 1 = 1 drink; etc., up to 25, which was equivalent to 25+ drinks). Due to skew, Kruskal-Wallis tests with follow-up Mann-Whitney U tests were used in place of one-way ANOVAs with follow-up Least Significant Difference tests for Coping motives, Enhancement motives, Conformity motives, the Short Inventory of Problems, and the Drinking Frequency and Quantity variables.