Table 1.

Upregulated miRNAs.

miRNAs	Targets	Biological outcome	Models	References
miR-192	δEF1, SIP1	COL1α1 and COL1α2 ↑	Diabetic mice (STZ), db/db mice	[24]
	ZEB1/2	TGF-β, Col, FN ↑, proteinuria ↓	Diabetic mice (STZ)	[22]
miR-216a	PTEN, YBX1	MMC survival, hypertrophy, COL1α2 ↑	MMCs	[28, 29]
miR-217	PTEN	MMC survival, hypertrophy	MMCs	[28]
miR-200b/c	ZEB1	TGF-β1, COL1α2, COL4α1 ↑	Diabetic mice (STZ), db/db mice, MMCs	[22]
	FOG	p-Akt, ERK ↑, hypertrophy	Diabetic mice (STZ), MMCs	[30]
miR-21	PTEN,  PRAS40	p-Akt, mTORC1, hypertrophy, COL1α2, FN ↑	HMCs	[23]
	SMAD7	Microalbuminuria, TGF-β, NF-κB ↑	db/db mice	[34]
	TIMP3	TIMP3 ↓	Diabetic mice (STZ), MMCs, kidney biopsy (human)	[35]
	TIMP1	COL4, FN, ACR ↑; CCR ↓	kk-ay mice	[37]
miR-377	PAK1, SOD	FN ↑	Diabetic mice (STZ), MMCs, HMCs	[38]
miR-195	BCL2	Caspase-3, caspase-8 ↑	Diabetic mice (STZ), podocytes, MMCs	[42, 43]
miR-215	CTNNBIP1	β-Catenin, FN, α-SMA ↑		[49]
miR-124	INTEGRINα3β1	Urinary podocyte nephrin, podocin, albumin ↑	Diabetic rats (STZ)	[51]
miR-29c	SPRY1	Albuminuria, ECM ↑	db/db mice	[59]
miR-1207-5p		TGF-β1, PAI-1, FN ↑	HK-2 cells, podocytes, normal mesangial cells	[52]
miR-135a	TRPC1	Microalbuminuria ↑, renal fibrosis ↑	db/db mice	[53]

STZ: streptozotocin; δEF1: deltaEF1 (ZEB1); FOG: Friend of GATA; SIP1: Smad-interacting protein 1; Col: collagen; ZEB1/2: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1/2; YBX1: Y box binding protein 1; α-SMA: alpha smooth muscle actin; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; p-Akt: phosphorylated protein kinase B; PRAS40: proline-rich Akt substrate 40; mTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; SMAD3: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; SMAD7: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7; TIMP: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase; PAK1: p21 activated kinase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; BCL2: B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2; INTEGRINα3β1: integrin alpha 3 beta 1; SPRY1: Sprouty homolog 1; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinases; ECM: extracellular matrix; FN: fibronectin; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; MMC: mouse mesangial cell; HMC: human mesangial cell; RMC: rat mesangial cell; ACR: albumin creatinine ratio; CCR: creatinine clearance ratio; TRPC1: transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 1.