Fig. 1.

Temporal fluctuation in the number of nuclear tests carried out by the five nuclear powers (a, b), during 1945–1996 (data processing from Fedchenko and Hellgren 2007); the number of nuclear tests carried out in the global environments (c); and temporal fluctuation of nuclear tests conducted in the atmosphere (d) by the five nuclear powers during 1945–1980 (data processing from Fedchenko and Hellgren 2007); annual fission and fusion yields of nuclear tests (atmospheric and underground) produced by the five nuclear powers (e) during 1951–1992 (data processing after UNSCEAR 2000a)