Table 2.
Univariate analysis showing crude association of sociodemographic factors with diabetes mellitus type 2.
| Variables | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||
| Male | 3.45 (1.92–6.18) | <0.0001 |
| Female | Reference | |
| Age | ||
| <40 | Reference | <0.0001 |
| 41–50 | 6.91 (3.29–14.51) | |
| 51–60 | 12.25 (5.77–26.03) | |
| >60 | 36.03 (13.28–97.73) | |
| Educational level | ||
| Illiterate | 10.4 (2.22–48.62) | <0.0001 |
| Primary | 4.77 (1.03–22.02) | |
| Secondary | 1.07 (0.23–4.84) | |
| Intermediate | 2.67 (0.59–12.13) | |
| Bachelor degree | 1.08 (0.25–4.66) | |
| Master degree | Reference | |
| Region | ||
| Western Region | Reference | 0.003 |
| Eastern Region | 4.74 (1.89–11.88) | |
| Southern Region | 1.07 (0.59–1.94) | |
| Northern Region | 1.36 (0.56–3.32) | |
| Other | 0.47 (0.18–1.25) | |
| Occupation | ||
| Employee | Reference | <0.0001 |
| Volunteer/student | 0.07 (0.03–0.2) | |
| Jobless/housewife | 1.28 (0.68–2.44) | |
| Retired | 2.82 (1.06–7.48) | |
| Salary (in Saudi riyals) | ||
| 1,000–2,000 | 3.95 (1.52–10.25) | <0.0001 |
| 2,000–5,000 | 6.94 (3.07–15.71) | |
| 5,000–7,000 | 3.38 (1.42–8.06) | |
| 7,000–10,000 | 2.82 (1.08–7.37) | |
| >10,000 | Reference | |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | Reference | <0.0001 |
| Married | 7.16 (3.15–16.29) | |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 10.61 (3.95–28.51) | |
| Family history of diabetes in blood relatives | ||
| Mother/father/brother/sister | 1.79 (1.09–2.93) | 0.020 |
| Grandmother/father | 0.45 (0.26–0.79) | 0.005 |
| Uncle/aunt | 0.55 (0.29–1.07) | 0.080 |
| Nature of Job | ||
| Physically active work | 1.76 (0.6–5.15) | 0.300 |
| No physically active work | Reference | |
| Do you do household chores? | ||
| Yes | Reference | 0.060 |
| No | 1.93 (1.11–3.35) | |
| Sometimes | 1.14 (0.58–2.26) | |
| Do you have a servant at home? | ||
| Yes | 0.87 (0.53–1.43) | 0.580 |
| No | Reference | |
| Compared to others of your age, you can say you are | ||
| More active | 0.74 (0.42–1.32) | 0.590 |
| Less Active | 0.91 (0.51–1.63) | |
| No difference | Reference | |
| Currently smoking | ||
| Yes | 3.97 (1.58–9.98) | 0.003 |
| No | Reference | |
| Hypertension | ||
| Yes | 3.58 (2.11–6.09) | <0.0001 |
| No | Reference | |
| BMI (in kg/m2) | ||
| <25 | Reference | <0.001 |
| 25–29.9 | 2.32 (1.19–4.49) | |
| ≥30 | 7.64 (3.33–17.54) |
BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.