Table 4.
Junior researchers’ perception of barriers in subjective sub competencies for five disciplines
| (n = 46) | Importance score mean ± SD | Performance score mean ± SD | Gap (difference) mean ± SD | Training need % | Familiarity % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health economics | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 2.4 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 78 | 57 |
| Statistical and econometric analysis | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 84 | 48 |
| Microeconomics of health care | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 2.0 ± 1.3 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 82 | 41 |
| Health accounting | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 2.3 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | 75 | 55 |
| Economic evaluation | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 3.4 ± 1.9 | 75 | 59 |
| Health Financing functions | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 2.6 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 75 | 66 |
| Economics of health systems | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 77 | 73 |
| Provider payment mechanisms | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 1.7 | 77 | 57 |
| Health policy | 6.0 ± 1.3 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 84 | 72 |
| Monitoring and evaluation methods | 5.9 ± 1.5 | 2.6 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 84 | 57 |
| Health policy analysis frameworks | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | 84 | 64 |
| Policy processes in health care | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 82 | 77 |
| Impact of policies on population | 6.1 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 1.7 | 84 | 82 |
| Political influence on resource alloc. | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 82 | 71 |
| Organization, financing & health syst. | 6.2 ± 1.3 | 3.3 ± 1.7 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 86 | 82 |
| Environmental health | 6.2 ± 0.9 | 3.2 ± 1.6 | 3.0 ± 1.6 | 76 | 74 |
| Environmental epidemiology | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 1.7 | 82 | 64 |
| Policies to mitigate env. hazards | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.7 | 3.3 ± 1.8 | 75 | 73 |
| Interaction of environ. determinants | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 80 | 75 |
| Health & environ. risk assessment | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 80 | 75 |
| Factors modifying impact of env. | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 75 | 71 |
| Exposure assessment methods | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 77 | 71 |
| Sources, pathways, of exposure | 6.3 ± 0.9 | 3.5 ± 1.9 | 2.8 ± 1.7 | 71 | 80 |
| Major environ. & occup. hazards | 6.4 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.9 | 2.7 ± 1.8 | 68 | 82 |
| Medical anthrop & sociology | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | 75 | 63 |
| Ethnographic methods | 5.6 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.7 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 77 | 34 |
| Health seeking behavior | 6.2 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 1.8 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 77 | 71 |
| Historical & political dimensions | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 71 | 59 |
| The clinic/hospital as social | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 2.7 ± 1.6 | 2.9 ± 1.7 | 75 | 59 |
| Role of culture in health | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 77 | 66 |
| Social inequalities in health | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.8 | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 73 | 84 |
| Understanding popular health | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 73 | 71 |
| Epidemiology | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 4.3 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 73 | 87 |
| Mathematical modeling | 6.0 ± 1.2 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 89 | 66 |
| Disease surveillance | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.6 | 82 | 86 |
| Methods in epidemiology | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 4.5 ± 1.8 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 64 | 93 |
| Subjective health measures | 5.9 ± 1.1 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | 73 | 84 |
| Effect modification (confounding) | 6.2 ± 1.0 | 4.2 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 77 | 82 |
| Risk factors and susceptibility | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 4.5 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | 77 | 89 |
| Validity and reliability | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 4.4 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | 71 | 89 |
| Association and causation | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 1.8 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 68 | 91 |
| Statistical analysis of data | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 1.8 ± 1.8 | 71 | 96 |
| Measures of morbidity & mortality | 6.3 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 1.4 ± 1.8 | 61 | 96 |